Speech norms were developed through the collection of half-hour videotaped interactions of parent-child recorded every 6 months from about 9 months to 36 months of age for most of the children.  A select sample of 150 children were followed through age 7 years.  These children differ from the larger cohort because they represent only children who have no other additional disabilities.

Number of different phonemes and Speech Intelligibility:

Speech norms are available for the development of the number of different vowels and consonants at each age level for each degree of hearing loss and includes a category for children with cochlear implants.  Data is also available for early- and late-identified children and for children with and without additional disabilities.

1. Number of Different Vowels

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/Numberdifferentvowels.pdf”]

 

2. Number of Different Consonants

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/Numberdifferentconsonants.pdf”]

 

3. Number of Initial Blends

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/Number-initial-blends.pdf”]

 

4. Number of Final Blends

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/Number-final-blends.pdf”]

 

Ultimately, the child is learning individual speech sounds and combinations of speech sounds to develop intelligible speech.  The following slides provide information about the development of speech intelligibility by age, expressive language quotient, degree of hearing loss, and cognitive level,

Speech Intelligibility

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/Speech-intelligibility.pdf”]

Speech Development of infants and young children who are deaf or hard of hearing can also be described for each individual phoneme.

Development of Individual Vowels in non-words by degree of hearing loss

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/Dev-Individual-Vowels-non-words-by-degreeHL.pdf”]

 

Children with Mild and Moderate Hearing Loss

Children with Moderate-Severe and Severe Hearing Loss

Children with Profound Hearing Loss and conventional amplification

Children with Profound Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants – Development of Individual Vowels in true words by degree of hearing loss
[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/Dev-vowels-in-true-words-by-HL-and-age.pdf”]

 

Children with Mild and Moderate Hearing Loss

Children with Moderate-Severe and Severe Hearing Loss

Children with Profound Hearing Loss and conventional amplification

Children with Profound Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants

Development of Individual Consonants in non-words by degree of hearing loss

1. Children with Mild and Moderate Hearing Loss

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/1-Indiv-consonant-dev-non-words-mild-mod.pdf”]

 

2. Children with Moderate-Severe and Severe Hearing Loss

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/2-indiv-Consonant-dev-in-non-words-mod-sev-sev.pdf”]

 

3. Children with Profound Hearing Loss and conventional amplification

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/3-Indiv-Consonant-dev-in-non-words-profound.pdf”]

 

4. Children with Profound Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/4-Indiv-Consonant-dev-non-words-CI-.pdf”]

 

Development of Individual Consonants in true words by degree of hearing loss

1. Children with Mild and Moderate Hearing Loss

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/1-Individual-Consonants-in-True-Words-Mild-Mod-HL.pdf”]

 

2. Children with Moderate-Severe and Severe Hearing Loss

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/2-Individual-Consonants-in-True-Words-Mod-Sev-Sev.pdf”]

 

3. Children with Profound Hearing Loss and conventional amplification

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/3-Indiv-Consonants-True-Words-Sev-Pro-Prof.pdf”]

 

4. Children with Profound Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/4-Individual-Consonants-in-True-Words-Cochlear-Implants.pdf”]

 

Development of Manner

Speech development can also be grouped by aspects of Manner:

1. Development of Stops  (LINK file under Development by Manner)

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/1-stop-phonemes-color.pdf”]

2. Development of Nasals

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/2-Nasal-phonemes-Color.pdf”]

3. Development of Liquids

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/3-liquid-phonemes-in-color.pdf”]

4. Development of Glides

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/4-glide-phonemes-color.pdf”]

5. Development of Affricates

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/5-affricate-phonemes-color.pdf”]

6. Development of Fricatives

[pdf-embedder url=”https://mdcresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2019/04/6-fricative-phonemes-color.pdf”]