Marion Downs Center Research

Language & Hearing Research Projects

Information for Providers of Families/Parents who speak Arabic

WHO SPEAKS ARABIC

The majority of Arabic speaking countries are concentrated in the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East, and North Africa, which is known as “The Arab World”.

25 Arab speaking countries claim Arabic as an official or co-official language including: Algeria, Bahrain, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lybia, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Palestine, Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Meanwhile, there are six sovereign states where Arabic is a national language or “recognized minority language” such as Turkey, Niger, Iran, Senegal, and Mali.

Today, Arabic is spreading once more outside the premises of its geographic concentration as more Arabic speakers migrate and settle all over the world, with generations after generations of Arabic speaking expats continue to live in Southeast Asia, Brazil, Europe, Canada, and the United States of America.

 LEARNING ABOUT THE HISTORY AND CULTURE:

UNICEF

Data from countries throughout the world is provided on individual countries and regions of the world on the topics of: Child health, Child Protection, Child Survival, Early Childhood Development, Education and Home Environments, HIV/AIDS, Maternal and newborn health, Nutrition, Sanitation and Water.

https://data.unicef.org/country/

Early Childhood Development, Early Childhood Education and Home Environments.

https://data.unicef.org/topic/early-childhood-development/development-status/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/early-childhood-development/early-childhood-education/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/early-childhood-development/home-environment/

ETHNOMED

https://ethnomed.org/

Go to Cultures at the top of the website page.

These pages have information about:  Interpersonal relationships (Naming, Status Role Prestige); Greetings (Phrases of Courtesy);Displays of Respect; General Etiquette; Marriage Family & Kinship Structure (Member, Gender/Status,Age Relationships, Family Kinship Structure); Reproduction (Pregnancy, Child Birth Post Partum Practices, Infancy Childhood and Socialization (Infant Feeding and Care, Child Rearing Practices); Nutrition and Food; Drinks, Drugs and Indulgences, Religious Life, Death, Traditional Medical Practices, Experiences with Western Medicines, Mental Health, Community Structure, Common Acculturation Issues;

Arabic speaking countries:  Eritrea, Somalia, Iraq

PATIENT CARE GUIDE FROM THE CLEVELAND CLINIC

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/files/org/about/diversity/2016-diversity-toolkit.ashx

These pages contain information about:  Considerations before providing care, Meals, Hospital Attire, Communication, Rituals, End of Life Care

Middle East: Islamic/Arabic, Lebanese

Africa: African, Somalia

CULTURES WITH AMERICA AND WORLD CULTURES

https://www.everyculture.com/

Multicultural America:  https://www.everyculture.com/multi/

World Cultures:  https://www.everyculture.com/wc/

This website provides information by country on the topics of:  History, The beginning of Immigration, the Modern Era, Significant Immigration waves, Settlement Patterns (Acculturation/Assimilation), Traditions, Customs & Beliefs, Proverbs, Cuisine, Traditional Costumes, Dances & Songs, Holidays, Health Issues (Language, Family Community Dynamics), Education, Birth, Role of Women, Courtship & Weddings, Funerals (Religion, Employment and Economic Traditions, Politics and Government), Relationship with country of origin (Individual Group Contributions), Academia, Government, Media, Organizations and Associations, Museums and Research Centers.

Information is provided on cultures within America and World Cultures.

CIRRIE:  CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL REHABILITATION RESEARCH INFORMATION AND EXCHANGE

Rehabilitation Provider’s Guide to Cultures of the Foreign-Born:

Information provided:  Introduction, Immigration History, Concept of Disability, Disability and Rehabilitation Systems, Communication between Consumers and Service Providers, Role of Family, Role of Community, Role of Religion, Gender, Holidays, Food Practices, Recommendations to Rehabilitation Service Providers

Culture Brokering (HTML/PDF)

Religion:  Disability and the Muslim Perspective (HTML/PDF) 

CULTURAL ORIENTATION RESOURCE CENTER:

http://www.culturalorientation.net/

http://www.culturalorientation.net/library/publications

These monographs, Background Material, contain information about: Modern history, government and economy, Health Care and Education, The Land (Geography, Urban/Rural), The People (Educational and Occupational Backgrounds, Ethnic, Religions and Religious Groups, Beliefs and Customs:(Religious Beliefs, Customs-Family and Family Relations, Gender Roles and Relations (Marriage, Parenting, Leadership), Healthcare beliefs and practices (Physical Health Care, Mental Health Care), Food, Drink, Smoking, Clothing)), Conditions in First Asylum Countries, Implications for Resettlement.

Middle East:  Syria, Iraq

Africa:  Eritrean Refugees,  Somali Bantu, Somalis, Liberian,

Muslim Refugees

Languages:  Arabic

ETHNIC PROFILES:

https://www.dhhs.nh.gov/omh/refugee/documents/ethnicprofiles.pdf

Information in the ethnic profiles are:  Background, Religion, Family Structure, Health Care Beliefs and Practices, Health Risks of Refugees,

Africa:  Ethiopian & Eritrean, Somali, Sudanese, Liberian

Middle East:Iraqi

BRIDGING REFUGEE YOUTH AND CHILDREN’S SERVICES:

https://brycs.org/blog/early-childhood/

Indigenous Immigrants in America:  Mixtec, Zapotec, Triqui from Mexico

Early Childhood Cultural Backgrounds:  Ways to Use Cultural Backgrounders

Information included is:  Background, Culture and Religion, Family and Community, Child Rearing and Child Development, Guidance and Discipline, School and Education, Health and Mental health, Community Leadership

https://ccrebankst.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/ways-use-cultural-backgrounders.pdf

Middle East:

Iraq:  https://brycs.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/iraqi-cultural-backgrounder.pdf

Africa:

Somalia:  https://brycs.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/somali-cultural-backgrounder.pdf

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION:  IMMIGRANT REFUGEE HEALTH PROFILES:

https://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/profiles/index.html

Refugee Health Profiles are provided:  Each profile covers some of these topics:

    • Priority Health Conditions

    • Background

    • Population Movements

    • Healthcare and Conditions Before Arrival

    • Medical Screening of U.S.-bound Refugees

    • Post-arrival Medical Screening

    • Health Information

 Africa:  Somali,

Middle East:  Iraqi, Syrian Refugees

 INFORMATION FROM AUSTRALIA:

QUEENSLAND HEALTH AUSTRALIA:

https://www.health.qld.gov.au/multicultural/health_workers/cultdiver_guide

Information is available on:  Places of Transition, Ethnicity, Language, Ancestry, Language & Religion, Communication, Health, Health Beliefs and practices, Social Determinants of Health

Africa:  Ethiopian,Sudanese

Middle East:  Iraqi

CULTURAL ATLAS AUSTRALIA:

https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/countries

Information for each culture are:  Core Concepts, Greetings, Religion, Family, Naming, Dates of Significance, Etiquette, Do’s and Don’ts, Communication, Other Considerations, Business Culture

Middle East: Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestinian, Syria

Africa: Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Saudi Arabia, , Somalia, Africa

NEW SOUTH WALES:  SERVICE FOR THE TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF TORTURE AND TRAUAMA SURVIVORS:

http://scoa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Participant-Booklet_STARTTS-Cultural-Competence-Workshop_May2018.pdf

Middle East:  Syria, Iraq

Africa:  South Sudan

MULTICULTURAL COMMUNITIES COUNCILS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA:

https://mccsa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Working-Cross-Culturally-A-Guide.pdf

By Language:  Arabic

AUSTRLIAN HEARING:  CHOICES (HOW TO EXPLAIN HEARING LOSS TO FAMILIES/CLIENTS/PATIENTS):

Tips for Parent, What is early intervention, People Involved (Explanation of professionals, ENT, Audiology, Teacher of the Deaf, Speech/Language Therapist, Occupational and Physical Therapy, Psychology etc.), Hearing Loss and Hearing Tests, How we hear,          Hearing Loss, How Audiologists Test Hearing, Newborn Hearing Screening, What is an Audiogram, How Hearing Loss is described, Hearing Aids:  The Basics, What do Hearing Aids Do, Daily Hearing Check

Available in Arabic

SPEECH DISCRIMINATION TESTS IN ARABIC FOR CHILDREN:

AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION TESTS:

https://auditec.com/category/arabic/

ENT AUDIOLOGY REVIEWS:  DEVELOPMENT OF PEAEDIATRIC ARABIC AUDITORY SPEECH TESTS:

https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/reviews/tech-reviews/post/the-development-of-the-paediatric-arabic-auditory-speech-test-for-ipad

Speech perception test in Jordanian Arabic

https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0013122/00001

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/03005368509078977?journalCode=ijap20

https://auditec.com/category/arabic/

LittlEars in Arabic

https://www.medel.com/en-us/support/rehab/rehabilitation-downloads

ACQUISITION OF SPEECH, SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY, INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (IPA), MULTILINGUAL SPEECH ASSESSMENTS

Acquisition of speech in early childhood in many languages.

http://www.csu.edu.au/research/multilingual-speech/speech-acquisition

http://www.csu.edu.au/research/multilingual-speech/speech-acq-studies

Speech Intelligibility:  Intelligibility in Speech Context

http://www.csu.edu.au/research/multilingual-speech/ics

Comparing languages:  International Phonetic Alphabet

http://www.csu.edu.au/research/multilingual-speech/languages

Multilingual Speech Assessments:

http://www.csu.edu.au/research/multilingual-speech/speech-assessments

Arabic –  Egyptian (ﺍﻠﻌﺮﺒﯿﱠﺔ )

Mansoura Arabic Articulation Test (MAAT)

Abou-Elsaad, T., Baz, H. & El-Banna, M. (2009). Developing an articulation test for Arabic-speaking school-age children. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 61(5), 275–282.

https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/235650

Arabic – Kuwaiti (ﺍﻠﻌﺮﺒﯿﱠﺔ )

Kuwaiti Arabic Phonology Test

Ayyad, H., Bernhardt, B. M., & Stemberger, J. P. (2012). Kuwaiti Arabic Phonology Test. Kuwait University, Kuwait; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

http://phonodevelopment.sites.olt.ubc.ca/practice-units/arabic-kuwaiti/

Arabic – Kuwaiti (ﺍﻠﻌﺮﺒﯿﱠﺔ )

Kuwaiti Arabic single word list

Ayyad, H. S., Bernhardt, B. M., & Stemberger, J. P. (2016). Kuwaiti Arabic: acquisition of singleton consonants. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 10.1111/1460-6984.12229

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1460-6984.12229

Arabic –  Jordanian (ﺍﻠﻌﺮﺒﯿﱠﺔ )

Amayreh Articulation Test

Amayreh, M. M. & Dyson, A.T. (1998). The acquisition of Arabic consonants. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, 642–653.

Arabic –  Jordanian (ﺍﻠﻌﺮﺒﯿﱠﺔ )

Amayreh Articulation Test: Modified

Hamdan, J. M. & Amayreh, M. M. (2007). Consonant profile of Arabic-speaking school-age children in Jordan. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 59(2), 55–64.

https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/98338

LANGUAGE ASSESSMENTS IN ARABIC:

MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories in Arabic:

https://mb-cdi.stanford.edu/adaptations.html

Arabic (Kuwaiti)

Contact:

Fausia Abdalla

f.abdalla@ku.edu.kw

Saleh Shaalan

saleh.shaalan@gmail.com

https://mb-cdi.stanford.edu/adaptations.html

Arabic (Multiple)

Contact:

Caroline Floccia

caroline.floccia@plymouth.ac.uk

Alshaimaa Gaber Salah Abdel Wahab

alshaimaa.gabersalahabdelwahab@plymouth.ac.uk

Arabic adaptation of the CDI-III.

​Contact:

Caroline Floccia

caroline.floccia@plymouth.ac.uk

Alshaimaa Gaber Salah Abdel Wahab

alshaimaa.gabersalahabdelwahab@plymouth.ac.uk

Arabic adaptation of the CDI-III.

Arabic (Palestinian)

https://mb-cdi.stanford.edu/adaptations.html

Contact:

Lina Hashoul Essa

lina.hashoul.essa@gmail.com

Sharon Armon-Lotem

sharon.armon-lotem@biu.ac.il

The Department of English, Linguistics

The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center (Fellow)

Room 415, Brain Science Building

Bar-Ilan University

Ramat-Gan 52900

Israel

Tel: ++972 3 531-7159

Arabic (Saudi)

https://mb-cdi.stanford.edu/adaptations.html

Contact:

Jeddah Institute for Speech and Hearing (JISH)

P.O. Box 3080, Jeddah, 21471

Saudi Arabia

To order: click here

Tel: 966-2-667-5311

Arabic (Tunisian)

https://mb-cdi.stanford.edu/adaptations.html

Contact:

Dr. Soumaya Bourgou

Child and Adolescent psychiatrist

Child Psychiatry Department

Mongi Slim Hospital

Sidi Daoued, 2046, Marsa, Tunisia

Faculty of Medicine of Tunis

15 Rue Djebel Lakhdhar

La Rabta. 1007 Tunis, Tunisia

Telephone: 00216 97863881

soumayabourgou1@gmail.com

ASHA MULTICULTURAL WEBSITE WITH INFORMATION ON MULTIPLE LANGUAGES:

https://www.asha.org/practice/multicultural/Phono/

The information is provided by language.

ASHA’s policy documents state that SLPs and audiologists must consider the sound systems of all the languages used by a client in order to provide appropriate assessment and treatment services. 

PORTLAND STATE UNIVERISTY MULTICULTURAL TOPICS IN CSD (COMMUNICATION SCIENCES AND DISORDERS)

Information from the Portland State University website has information about cultures  and is focused on the characteristics of the language spoken.

https://sites.google.com/pdx.edu/multicsd/languages

LANGUAGE MANUALS ON THE WEEBLY WEBSITE:

http://languagemanuals.weebly.com/language-manuals-list.html

Where is Arabic spoken, Arab American History, Middle Eats:  General Cultural Information (Ethnicity and Nationality, Arabic Speakers and Culture, Linguistic and Cultural issues of Arab Americans in the diaspora, Religion, Some general Muslim Religion guidelines, Employment and access to resources, Music,  Food, Arab American Families and Arab Lifestyles, Women in the Middle East, Demography, Population in the United States, Linguistic Features (Dialects, Phonology – consonants, Arabic and English comparison-Vowels, Morphosyntax, Noun Inflection, Number, Genders, Tense, Word Order, Semantics)

Middle Eastern Countries, University in the Middle East with Communication Disorders Departments, Other places and websites in the Middle East with Speech-Language Services, Tests, Typical Errors in English made by Arabic Speakers (Grammatical differences, Script features and differences, Typical errors, Therapy Materials, Websites, Videos, Speech Language Pathologists in the Middle East, Research Articles.

INFORMATION IN MANY LANGUAGES:

OMNIGLOT

https://omniglot.com/index.htm

Writing Systems: Constructed scripts, Languages (profiles, how to learn languages, language lessons, language names, language families), Multilingual pages (Useful phrases, silly phrases, phrase finder, numbers, time, colours, family words, terms of endearment, idioms, proverbs, tongue twisters, songs, stories),

PHRASES IN 50 LANGUAGES:

https://www.50languages.com/

MUST GO WORLD LANGUAGES:

https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/

Status, Dialects,  Structure (Sound, system, Syllable structure, Vowels, Consonants, Tones, Grammar (Nouns, Verbs, Sentence Markers, Word Order), Vocabulary, Writing,

SCHOOL-AGED RESOURCES IN MANDARIN:

https://www.buffaloschools.org/Page/17100

https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/metrocenter/language-rbern/education/bilingual-glossaries-and-cognates

COMMUNICATION CARDS::

http://www.culturaldiversity.com.au/service-providers/multilingual-resources/communication-cards

These are incredibly useful and are available for many languages

https://www.easternhealth.org.au/services/language-services/cue-cards/cue-cards-in-community-languages

CUE CARDS:

These cue cards are available in many languages and can be extremely useful.

http://www.resourcingparents.nsw.gov.au/Resources/Cald

INFORMATION ABOUT SIGN LANGUAGE IN ARABIC SPEAKING COUNTRIES

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_sign-language_family

 https://www.csis.org/analysis/reading-signs-diverse-arabic-sign-languages-0

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7957263_Arabic_Sign_Language_A_Perspective

https://www.ai-media.tv/sign-language-alphabets-from-around-the-world/

 https://www.arabamerica.com/do-you-know-about-deaf-communities-and-arabic-sign-languages-in-the-arab-world/

 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-20681-3.pdf

CUED SPEECH:

Cued Speech – adapted in more than 50 languages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cued_speech

https://cuedspeech.org/

https://www.academieinternationale.org/archives?pgid=k58ty4kk1-b42f7cf8-25c5-4b66-be43-d693b580aa04